فهرست مطالب
فصل اول.............................................................................................................................................1
1-کلیدهای فشار قوی .....................................................................................................................................................2
1-1-کلیدهای قدرت – دیژنکتور...................................................................................................................................2
1-1-1- مشخصات الکتریکی کلیدها........................................................................................................................13
1-2 - کلیدهای بدون بار یا سکسیونر........................................................................................................................14
1-2-1- سکسیونر تیغه ای (کاردی)..........................................................................................................................15
1-2-2- سکسیونر کشوئی...........................................................................................................................................15
1-2-3- سکسیونر دورانی............................................................................................................................................15
1-2-4- سکسیونر قیچی ای ( پانتوگراف )..............................................................................................................15
1-3- سکسیونر قابل قطع زیر بار .............................................................................................................................16
فصل دوم..........................................................................................................................................17
مقدمه..................................................................................................................................................................................18
2-1- کلیات......................................................................................................................................................................18
2-2 - تقسیم بندی تجهیزات در طرح حفاظتی .....................................................................................................18
2-3 - کیفیت مناسب رتبه بندی حفاظتی................................................................................................................19
2-4 - اجزاء رله...............................................................................................................................................................19
2-5- ترانس ولتاژ............................................................................................................................................................20
2-6- ترانس جریان 1 :.................................................................................................................................................21
2-7 برقگیر2 :...................................................................................................................................................................21
فصل سوم.........................................................................................................................................23
ساختار عملکرد رله...........................................................................................................................................................24
3-1- انواع رله‌ها...............................................................................................................................................................24
3-1-1- رله اضافه جریان[1].............................................................................................................................................24
3-1-2- انواع رله های جریانی از نظر قرار گرفتن در مدار....................................................................................25
3-1-3 عملکرد رله های جریان زیاد...........................................................................................................................26
3-1-4 نحوه ی قرارگیری رله های جریانی و ارت فالت .......................................................................................29
3-1-5 رله های جریان زیاد جهت دار ......................................................................................................................29
3-1-6- رله دیستانس.....................................................................................................................................................29
3-2- رله وصل مجدد اتوماتیک2................................................................................................................................33
3-1- 7رله دیفرانسیل( رله تفاضلی)............................................................................................................................34
3-3-ترانسفورماتور تطبیق..............................................................................................................................................38
3-3-1رله ولتاژی..............................................................................................................................................................38
3-3-2 رله اضافه شار یا اضافه تحریک........................................................................................................................39
3-3-3- رله فرکانسی.......................................................................................................................................................39
3-4- رله اتصال زمین محدود 4 :...............................................................................................................................40
فصل چهارم.........................................................................................................................................................................41
4-1- تعاریف......................................................................................................................................................................42
4-1-1- زمان پاک شدن خطا.......................................................................................................................................42
4-1-2- زمان عملکرد رله...............................................................................................................................................42
4-1-3- زمان عملکرد رله‌های تریپ و کمکی...........................................................................................................42
4-1-4- زمان بازشدن کلید قدرت...............................................................................................................................42
4-1-5- حفاظت اصلی....................................................................................................................................................42
4-1-6- حفاظت پشتیبان..............................................................................................................................................42
4-1-7- محدوده حفاظتی..............................................................................................................................................42
4-1-8- قابلیت اطمینان.................................................................................................................................................43
4-1-9- حساسیت............................................................................................................................................................43
4-1-10- تشخیص‌گذاری[2].............................................................................................................................................43
فصل پنجم.........................................................................................................................................44
5-1- کلیات........................................................................................................................................................................45
5-2- حفاظت خطوط انتقال..........................................................................................................................................46
5-2-1- حفاظت دیستانس............................................................................................................................................46
5-2-3- حفاظت اضافه جریان خطوط.........................................................................................................................50
5-2-4- حفاظت اضافه / کاهش ولتاژ..........................................................................................................................52
5-3- حفاظت ترانسفورماتور قدرت...............................................................................................................................52
5-3-1- حفاظت دیفرانسیل ترانسفورماتور قدرت.....................................................................................................54
5-3-2- رله بوخهلتس ...................................................................................................................................................55
5-3-3 طرز قرارگیری رله بوخهلتس............................................................................................................................56
5-3-4- حفاظت خطای زمین محدودشده[3]...............................................................................................................56
5-3-5- حفاظت افزایش شار/ولتاژ................................................................................................................................57
5-3-6- حفاظت کاهش ولتاژ........................................................................................................................................58
5-3-7- حفاظت اضافه جریان فاز و نوترال................................................................................................................58
5-3-8- حفاظت تپ چنجر............................................................................................................................................59
5-3-9- سایر حفاظتها....................................................................................................................................................59
5-4- طرحهای حفاظتی پیشنهادی.............................................................................................................................60
5-5- نیازمندیهای ترانسفورماتورهای جریان..............................................................................................................61
فصل ششم.........................................................................................................................................62
مقدمه....................................................................................................................................................................................63
6-1- نصب..........................................................................................................................................................................63
6-2- آزمونهای راه‌اندازی................................................................................................................................................63
6-3- آزمونهای دوره‌ای تجهیزات حفاظتی.................................................................................................................68
فهرست منابع و مراجع......................................................................................................................................................86
فهرست اشکال
شکل 1-1...............................................................................................................................................................................3
شکل 1-1...............................................................................................................................................................................5
شکل 1-3...............................................................................................................................................................................7
شکل 1-4...............................................................................................................................................................................7
شکل 1-5...............................................................................................................................................................................9
شکل 1-6...............................................................................................................................................................................9
شکل 1-7............................................................................................................................................................................11
شکل 1-8............................................................................................................................................................................12
شکل 2-1............................................................................................................................................................................19
شکل 2-2............................................................................................................................................................................22
شکل 3-1............................................................................................................................................................................25
شکل 3-2............................................................................................................................................................................25
شکل 3-3............................................................................................................................................................................26
شکل 3-4............................................................................................................................................................................27
شکل 3-5............................................................................................................................................................................28
شکل 3-6............................................................................................................................................................................28
شکل 3-7............................................................................................................................................................................29
شکل 3-8............................................................................................................................................................................30
شکل 3-9............................................................................................................................................................................31
شکل 3-10.........................................................................................................................................................................32
شکل 3-11.........................................................................................................................................................................33
شکل 3-12.........................................................................................................................................................................34
شکل 3-13.........................................................................................................................................................................35
شکل 3-14.........................................................................................................................................................................40
شکل 3-15.........................................................................................................................................................................40
شکل 5-1............................................................................................................................................................................50
شکل 5-2............................................................................................................................................................................56
شکل 6-1............................................................................................................................................................................66
شکل 6-2............................................................................................................................................................................67