پایان نامه کلید های قدرت و حفاظتهای خطوط فوق توزیع و ترانسفورماتورها

فهرست مطالب

فصل اول.............................................................................................................................................1

1-کلیدهای فشار قوی .....................................................................................................................................................2

1-1-کلیدهای قدرت – دیژنکتور...................................................................................................................................2

1-1-1- مشخصات الکتریکی کلیدها........................................................................................................................13

1-2 - کلیدهای بدون بار یا سکسیونر........................................................................................................................14

1-2-1- سکسیونر تیغه ای (کاردی)..........................................................................................................................15

1-2-2- سکسیونر کشوئی...........................................................................................................................................15

1-2-3- سکسیونر دورانی............................................................................................................................................15

1-2-4- سکسیونر قیچی ای ( پانتوگراف )..............................................................................................................15

1-3- سکسیونر قابل قطع زیر بار .............................................................................................................................16

فصل دوم..........................................................................................................................................17

مقدمه..................................................................................................................................................................................18

2-1- کلیات......................................................................................................................................................................18

2-2 - تقسیم بندی تجهیزات در طرح حفاظتی .....................................................................................................18

2-3 - کیفیت مناسب رتبه بندی حفاظتی................................................................................................................19

2-4 - اجزاء رله...............................................................................................................................................................19

2-5- ترانس ولتاژ............................................................................................................................................................20

2-6- ترانس جریان ¹ :.................................................................................................................................................21

2-7 برقگیر² :...................................................................................................................................................................21

فصل سوم.........................................................................................................................................23

ساختار عملکرد رله...........................................................................................................................................................24

3-1- انواع رله‌ها...............................................................................................................................................................24

3-1-1- رله اضافه جریان[1].............................................................................................................................................24

3-1-2- انواع رله های جریانی از نظر قرار گرفتن در مدار....................................................................................25

3-1-3 عملکرد رله های جریان زیاد...........................................................................................................................26

3-1-4 نحوه ی قرارگیری رله های جریانی و ارت فالت .......................................................................................29

3-1-5 رله های جریان زیاد جهت دار ......................................................................................................................29

3-1-6- رله دیستانس.....................................................................................................................................................29

3-2- رله وصل مجدد اتوماتیک2................................................................................................................................33

3-1- 7رله دیفرانسیل( رله تفاضلی)............................................................................................................................34

3-3-ترانسفورماتور تطبیق..............................................................................................................................................38

3-3-1رله ولتاژی..............................................................................................................................................................38

3-3-2 رله اضافه شار یا اضافه تحریک........................................................................................................................39

3-3-3- رله فرکانسی.......................................................................................................................................................39

3-4- رله اتصال زمین محدود ⁴ :...............................................................................................................................40

فصل چهارم.........................................................................................................................................................................41

4-1- تعاریف......................................................................................................................................................................42

4-1-1- زمان پاک شدن خطا.......................................................................................................................................42

4-1-2- زمان عملکرد رله...............................................................................................................................................42

4-1-3- زمان عملکرد رله‌های تریپ و کمکی...........................................................................................................42

4-1-4- زمان بازشدن کلید قدرت...............................................................................................................................42

4-1-5- حفاظت اصلی....................................................................................................................................................42

4-1-6- حفاظت پشتیبان..............................................................................................................................................42

4-1-7- محدوده حفاظتی..............................................................................................................................................42

4-1-8- قابلیت اطمینان.................................................................................................................................................43

4-1-9- حساسیت............................................................................................................................................................43

4-1-10- تشخیص‌گذاری[2].............................................................................................................................................43

فصل پنجم.........................................................................................................................................44

5-1- کلیات........................................................................................................................................................................45

5-2- حفاظت خطوط انتقال..........................................................................................................................................46

5-2-1- حفاظت دیستانس............................................................................................................................................46

5-2-3- حفاظت اضافه جریان خطوط.........................................................................................................................50

5-2-4- حفاظت اضافه / کاهش ولتاژ..........................................................................................................................52

5-3- حفاظت ترانسفورماتور قدرت...............................................................................................................................52

5-3-1- حفاظت دیفرانسیل ترانسفورماتور قدرت.....................................................................................................54

5-3-2- رله بوخهلتس ...................................................................................................................................................55

5-3-3 طرز قرارگیری رله بوخهلتس............................................................................................................................56

5-3-4- حفاظت خطای زمین محدودشده[3]...............................................................................................................56

5-3-5- حفاظت افزایش شار/ولتاژ................................................................................................................................57

5-3-6- حفاظت کاهش ولتاژ........................................................................................................................................58

5-3-7- حفاظت اضافه جریان فاز و نوترال................................................................................................................58

5-3-8- حفاظت تپ چنجر............................................................................................................................................59

5-3-9- سایر حفاظتها....................................................................................................................................................59

5-4- طرحهای حفاظتی پیشنهادی.............................................................................................................................60

5-5- نیازمندیهای ترانسفورماتورهای جریان..............................................................................................................61

فصل ششم.........................................................................................................................................62

مقدمه....................................................................................................................................................................................63

6-1- نصب..........................................................................................................................................................................63

6-2- آزمونهای راه‌اندازی................................................................................................................................................63

6-3- آزمونهای دوره‌ای تجهیزات حفاظتی.................................................................................................................68

فهرست منابع و مراجع......................................................................................................................................................86

فهرست اشکال

شکل 1-1...............................................................................................................................................................................3

شکل 1-1...............................................................................................................................................................................5

شکل 1-3...............................................................................................................................................................................7

شکل 1-4...............................................................................................................................................................................7

شکل 1-5...............................................................................................................................................................................9

شکل 1-6...............................................................................................................................................................................9

شکل 1-7............................................................................................................................................................................11

شکل 1-8............................................................................................................................................................................12

شکل 2-1............................................................................................................................................................................19

شکل 2-2............................................................................................................................................................................22

شکل 3-1............................................................................................................................................................................25

شکل 3-2............................................................................................................................................................................25

شکل 3-3............................................................................................................................................................................26

شکل 3-4............................................................................................................................................................................27

شکل 3-5............................................................................................................................................................................28

شکل 3-6............................................................................................................................................................................28

شکل 3-7............................................................................................................................................................................29

شکل 3-8............................................................................................................................................................................30

شکل 3-9............................................................................................................................................................................31

شکل 3-10.........................................................................................................................................................................32

شکل 3-11.........................................................................................................................................................................33

شکل 3-12.........................................................................................................................................................................34

شکل 3-13.........................................................................................................................................................................35

شکل 3-14.........................................................................................................................................................................40

شکل 3-15.........................................................................................................................................................................40

شکل 5-1............................................................................................................................................................................50

شکل 5-2............................................................................................................................................................................56

شکل 6-1............................................................................................................................................................................66

شکل 6-2............................................................................................................................................................................67

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